Meysam Lotfi; Masoud Faryadi; Farhang FaghihLarijani
Abstract
Misallocation of industries can cause environmental degradation and land misuse, and therefore, to control the deleterious impacts of which on the environment, it is required to use land planning besides the environmental rules on the allocation of industrial units in accordance with the environmental ...
Read More
Misallocation of industries can cause environmental degradation and land misuse, and therefore, to control the deleterious impacts of which on the environment, it is required to use land planning besides the environmental rules on the allocation of industrial units in accordance with the environmental characteristics of land. This article, addressing the interplay between land planning and environmental law, discusses the mechanisms of land planning application in reasonable location of industries and the challenges that hinder this process. The article exercises the land planning regulation in Iran’s environmental law and concludes that land planning can pave the way for the environmentally sound location of the industries through three mechanisms: industrial development strategy designation, zoning for the industries, and their wastes. However, due to some legal ambiguities in land planning, the Iranian environmental law does not apply this instrument in the environmentally sound location of the industries appropriately. The article suggests effective enforcement of land planning in the environmentally sound location of the industries through the legal and institutional improvement of land planning rules in Iran’s environmental law.
Erfan Shams
Abstract
With the outbreak of Covid-19 in the world, many measures have been taken to reduce the effects of this pandemic. The most important of these was the recommendation to "stay home", which became the main line of slogans. With this recommendation, schools, offices and factories were closed. Covid-19 pandemic ...
Read More
With the outbreak of Covid-19 in the world, many measures have been taken to reduce the effects of this pandemic. The most important of these was the recommendation to "stay home", which became the main line of slogans. With this recommendation, schools, offices and factories were closed. Covid-19 pandemic has so far made wide impacts in people's lifestyles, and is likely to have some other implications. The main question of this article is, what environmental opportunities and challenges does Covid-19 bring, and how do these affect environmental law? Quarantine policies have led to a reduction in production and transportation, and a significant reduction in pollution caused by these behaviors. Other implications may not be immediately apparent. Covid-19 may increase residuals vulnerability to future contamination. Other changes may occur, including revisions in environmental and economic changes and revisions in allocating and consumption of resources, as Covid-19 affects the global, national, and local economies. Considering each of these implications and their effects can help develop environmental rights and develop effective strategies.
Mashhadi Ali; Hasan Khosroshahi; Maryam Separdar
Abstract
Iran, as the holder of world’s fourth largest oil reserves and world’s largest gas reserves, is sensibly exposed to pollutions resulting from oil and gas industry which is its most important economy sector. A significant portion of these pollutions is caused by the upstream oil and gas industry ...
Read More
Iran, as the holder of world’s fourth largest oil reserves and world’s largest gas reserves, is sensibly exposed to pollutions resulting from oil and gas industry which is its most important economy sector. A significant portion of these pollutions is caused by the upstream oil and gas industry and the remaining portion is resulted from the downstream oil and gas industry. The present research is dedicated to the legal requirements stipulated in Islamic Republic of Iran’s Fundamental Legal Instruments. These instruments include the Constitution, Five-year Development Plan, the Twenty-year Perspective Law, General Policies and similar documents. The central assumption of this study is founded on the idea that fundamental instrument of the Iranian Legal System have a solid general approach with regard to the issue of environmental protection in upstream oil and gas related activities. This approach is specifically evident in Principle 50 of the Constitution.
Abstract
The Internet has always been an international law problem. Clearly the International institutions ranging from the International Telecommunication Union to the U.N. General Assembly are becoming increasingly involved in regulating the Internet. But it seems that still there is a long road to a coherence ...
Read More
The Internet has always been an international law problem. Clearly the International institutions ranging from the International Telecommunication Union to the U.N. General Assembly are becoming increasingly involved in regulating the Internet. But it seems that still there is a long road to a coherence international system of rules and regulations concerning internet law in international community. Apart from the question of the desirability of international rules and regulations, the problem of domestic censorship of filtering as a serious problem, to some extent endangered some human rights principles as free flow of information, principle of freedom of expression, right to privacy, openness and etc. in this article, by focusing on the universality and the unity of cyberspace and the place of co operation among states t enhance the international relations, we will consider the necessity and the possibility of extension of rules and principles of general international law to this context.