Mahmoud Bagheri; Hedayat Farkhani; Seyed Mohammad Tabataba'i Nejhad
Abstract
Banks play an important role as an intermediary in the financial system between
the lenders and applicants of financial sources. They absorb the financial
sources of customers and present them to applicants. Their financial relations
are arranged on the basis of the credit rating of their applicants. ...
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Banks play an important role as an intermediary in the financial system between
the lenders and applicants of financial sources. They absorb the financial
sources of customers and present them to applicants. Their financial relations
are arranged on the basis of the credit rating of their applicants. The financing
restrictions and complexity of banks relations and inherent risk of financing
have made the banks to design a model to fund their financial sources and
distribute their various risks. One of these models is financing by using
syndicated loans. Since most of the big projects need a high amount of financial
sources, the use and significance of syndicated loans is increasing. In this paper,
we tried to examine the concept and structure of syndicated loans by using an
analytical and descriptive model which explains the necessity of using this
method in the legal and economic system of Iran. We concluded that the main
reasons given for non-use of this method are the lack of adequate legislations in
this field and the absence of information transparency in the contractual
structure of such credits as well as the legal rules governing relations between
syndicate members.
Mehdi Zahedi; Mohammad Hossein Erfn Manesh; Seyd Mohammad Tabatabae'i Nejad
Abstract
Industrial development and application of wide range of modern technologies are one of the influential factors in the increase of investment, economic growth and promotion of social welfare. However, according to conducted research and existing empirical evidence, those factors have brought about negative ...
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Industrial development and application of wide range of modern technologies are one of the influential factors in the increase of investment, economic growth and promotion of social welfare. However, according to conducted research and existing empirical evidence, those factors have brought about negative environmental impacts such as climate change and global warming. Here, patent system as a main legal framework to encourage and protect innovations, inventions and industrial progress has an undeniable role in the extent of such negative environmental impacts. Biological pollution is mainly the result of industrial activities and application of technologies that were or are protected under patent laws. Since the Convention on Biological Diversity emphasizes on the necessity of the preservation of environment and sustainable development, this Article tries to identify and clarify the legal gaps in patent laws by studying the patent protection theories and rationales, and further through the analysis of such laws and international cases put forward a number of solutions to the environmental challenges by offering some suggestions regarding the amendment of patent system.