elham amiri; seied mohamad hashemi; vali rostami; bijan abbasi
Abstract
The issue of pension payments is a serious challenge for governments in today's world. As the main institution, which is faced with a large number of new pensioners every year, governments seek to create pension systems in line with the political-economic structure of the country. The pension payment ...
Read More
The issue of pension payments is a serious challenge for governments in today's world. As the main institution, which is faced with a large number of new pensioners every year, governments seek to create pension systems in line with the political-economic structure of the country. The pension payment system in European-American countries is older than the domestic situation, and for this reason, in order to organize and reform the pension payment system in Iran, it is necessary to refer to successful cases in this regard. In this regard, Norway is one of the countries whose pension system has created the highest level of welfare for retirees, and this has led to a relatively high level of social satisfaction with the government. Compared to Norway, the pension system in Iran is facing many weaknesses and problems, so much so that this issue is named as the third major problem in the country. The defective structure of pensions in Iran is moving in the direction that providing pensions is one of the most important challenges of the government. It can be a way to model and reform the pension system in Iran.
Bijan Abbasi; Ali Sohrabloo
Abstract
The entry of foreign private individuals into the contract with the Administration is always accompanied by this concern that the Administration by using its instruments of governance, violates the terms of equality of the parties at the time of concluding the contract and will do such acts like the ...
Read More
The entry of foreign private individuals into the contract with the Administration is always accompanied by this concern that the Administration by using its instruments of governance, violates the terms of equality of the parties at the time of concluding the contract and will do such acts like the unilateral change and termination of the contract. To overcome this concern, the types of stabilization clauses in foreign investment contracts are inserted, which seek to preserve the terms of the contract in time of concluding and to prohibit the Administration from changing the terms after the conclusion of the contract. This article by using a descriptive and analytical method seeks to answer the correctness of the inclusion of stabilization clauses in foreign investment contracts in light of administrative rules and principles. Findings show that the inclusion of the conditions of stability in particular types of words, freezing, non-interference and non-compliance with the principle of rule of law, the principle of competence and the principle of equal alignment of public interest and public authority are in contrary with the administrative contracts and the principle of compatibility and non-violation of the stabilization clauses in terms of economic equilibrium with principles governing administrative contracts.
