Mehdi Rezaei; Rooholla Alidadzadeh
Abstract
One of the manifestations of rule of law is constitutionalism that entered into legal-political arena in the 18th century. Henceforth, many countries have considered the Constitution as the main manifestation of constitutionalism. Accordingly, Algeria and Iran had their own Constitution in 1963 and 1906 ...
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One of the manifestations of rule of law is constitutionalism that entered into legal-political arena in the 18th century. Henceforth, many countries have considered the Constitution as the main manifestation of constitutionalism. Accordingly, Algeria and Iran had their own Constitution in 1963 and 1906 respectively for the first time. Their Constitutions needed support from a superior independent institution. The first Algerian Constitution appointed constitutional council as centralized and expert institution to take charge of basic hearing. However, the first Iranian Constitution embraced sharia hearing institution and basic hearing was not in Iranian Constitution until 1979. In general, the nature at basic hearing divided into political and legal parts. The structure of this research is based on the aforementioned classification. The main object of the research is to demonstrate the nature of basic hearing in Algeria and Iran by using documentary method to analyze and to explain the nature of institution that supervises the execution of the Constitution. The results show the multi–dimensional nature of these two institutions.
aliakbar masoumi; seyed mohamad hashemi; vali rostami
Abstract
One of the mechanisms that is foreseen in the Iranian legal system to monitor retirement funds and to create synergies between them is the aggregation of retirement funds. Combining funds in terms of pooling of funds by maintaining their own legal personality under the supervision of a superior institution ...
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One of the mechanisms that is foreseen in the Iranian legal system to monitor retirement funds and to create synergies between them is the aggregation of retirement funds. Combining funds in terms of pooling of funds by maintaining their own legal personality under the supervision of a superior institution will lead tomultiple desirable effects. The present article, which aims to study the feasibility of aggregation of Iranian retirement funds, has been reviewed in three sections in order to examine the necessities, sources and authorities and the obstacles before aggregating funds. The results suggest that it is necessary for their integration in the current situation due to the lack of coordination between the funds, the lack of effective monitoring thereof, as well as the disregard of some government policies by the funds. However, although the legal framework for this action is largely available in Iran, there are obstacles such as the conflict of aggregation with the independence of the funds, the conflict with the policy of downsizing the government and the disapproval of high-ranking officilas.
Shoja Ahmadvand; Ferdos Saber Mahani
Abstract
Appropriate financing of candidate campaigns has important influence on the security of the electoral system, and prevent financial and political corruptions after obtaining relevant occupations. Although, the important part of electoral law is allocated to principles of election campaigns, the electoral ...
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Appropriate financing of candidate campaigns has important influence on the security of the electoral system, and prevent financial and political corruptions after obtaining relevant occupations. Although, the important part of electoral law is allocated to principles of election campaigns, the electoral rules of the Islamic Republic of Iran does not pay enough attention to monitoring financial aspects. This brevity triggers lack of determination of extent for campaign costs. On the other hand, because of this absence, the electoral law does not care the sources of these costs, which more or less, is considered in most countries. This paper analyzes and explains necessity of monitoring appropriate providing of financial resources, and setting limitation for campaign funds with comparative study of campaign law in France, Russia and the US. Besides, it presents strategies of improving the financial health of election in Iran. which more or less, is considered in most countries. This paper analyzes and explains necessity of monitoring appropriate providing of financial resources, and setting limitation for campaign funds with comparative study of campaign law in France, Russia and the US. Besides, it presents strategies of improving the financial health of election in Iran.
