Zahra Mahmoudi Kordi; Masume Gholami Miansarayi
Abstract
Climate change is considered to be the biggest crisis of the present era, and traditional approaches have not been very effective to deal with it yet. Thus, in recent decades, geoengineering which includes two main methods of carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management has come to the attention ...
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Climate change is considered to be the biggest crisis of the present era, and traditional approaches have not been very effective to deal with it yet. Thus, in recent decades, geoengineering which includes two main methods of carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management has come to the attention of countries. Like other emerging technologies, besides its benefits, most important of which to combat climate change, due to scientific uncertainty, they might have harmful effects on the environment. The present article has aimed to describe geoengineering methods and their environmental pros and cons. The findings of the article show that although the geoengineering methods in international environmental treaties are scattered, mostly in the form of implicit expressions, the rules and the actions of member states indicate the different and sometimes contradictory attitudes toward geoengineering, which varies from explicit or implicit approval of some methods, especially in treaties related to climate change, to explicit and implicit opposition of others, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the London Protocol, and the Ozone Conservation Convention. This dispersion is so great that a specific legal system cannot be assumed.
Homayoun Habibi; Hajar Raee Dehaghi
Abstract
Today, climate change has become concern of the international community, and there has been considerable solidarity to confront it. However, the Climate Change Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement have failed to prevent climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and countries ...
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Today, climate change has become concern of the international community, and there has been considerable solidarity to confront it. However, the Climate Change Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement have failed to prevent climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and countries have shown no serious will to achieve climate change targets. On the other hand, increasing greenhouse gas emissions have seriously damaged the environment of the oceans, which naturally absorb these gases. This justifies Review of the obligations of the CO2 states in terms of the Convention on the of Law the Sea. This paper, by interpreting of Article 1(4) of Convention, concludes that greenhouse gas emissions are subject to the definition of marine environmental pollution and consequently states parties to the Convention have numerous obligations under the XII part of the Convention to protect the marine environment against greenhouse gas emissions. The provisions of Part XIII of the Convention are also a way of proving these obligations. Also, by proving that many of the environmental obligations in the Convention have been or have become customary, one can speak of the responsibility and commitment of non-member states to reduce and even compensate the affected coastal states.
