International Law
Milad Haji Esmaeili; Mehrab Darabpour
Abstract
The United Nations Global Compact, with more than 23000 voluntary participants, is the world’s largest corporate citizenship initiative, gathering multinational enterprises (MNEs) under an agreement. The purpose of the compact is to achieve the principles of human rights, labor, environmental, ...
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The United Nations Global Compact, with more than 23000 voluntary participants, is the world’s largest corporate citizenship initiative, gathering multinational enterprises (MNEs) under an agreement. The purpose of the compact is to achieve the principles of human rights, labor, environmental, and anti-corruption in the behavior of multinational enterprises. This compact, which was approved in 2000 by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, differs from other international agreements. In this compact, governments do not have a role in regulating MNEs. The United Nations directly supports MNEs to regulate non-compulsory rules with the tools of dialogue, learning and partnership projects. Such an initiative brought a flood of criticism. (1) Its 10 principles are vague. (2) The Compact supports the capture of the United Nations. (3) The Compact is not accountable. The current article is based on the premise that the requirement for this compact is crucial and (a) vague principles are designed to allow MNEs to provide new solutions, (b) the intervention of MNEs in policymaking leads to the systematization of unwritten and behind-the-scenes policies. (c) The criticism of the non-accountability is due to a lack of understanding of the true nature of the compact.
Mehryat Dashab; Sara Davarpour
Abstract
Historically, the framework for the Global Compact on Migration is founded in UN development, in particular Goal 10.7 of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The Global Compact on Migration (2018) as the first attempt to provide international migration governance with a comprehensive framework seeks ...
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Historically, the framework for the Global Compact on Migration is founded in UN development, in particular Goal 10.7 of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The Global Compact on Migration (2018) as the first attempt to provide international migration governance with a comprehensive framework seeks to introduce correctives hereto, and facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well managed migration policies. It insists on realigning state practices with internationally agreed standards. This paper seeks to explain the legal nature of the Compact and analyze the position of first and second generations of human rights in it, at the same time express the proponents and opponents view.s Finally, the main approach of this paper is that, although the compact is non-binding but the emphasis on the rules of different generations of human rights mentioned in other fundamental documents in the form of Global Compact has led to its customary provisions binding to States..
