نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)، قم، ایران

چکیده

دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی در پاسخ به تقاضای دادستان دیوان برای آغاز تحقیقات از جرائم نیروهای آمریکایی در افغانستان، در ۵ مارس ۲۰۲۰ با این تقاضا موافقت کرد اما چالشی که پیش روی دیوان قرار دارد وجود یک قرارداد میان دولت افغانستان و دولت آمریکاست که به موجب آن افغانستان موافقت کرده است سربازان آمریکایی در صورت ارتکاب هر جرمی در خاک افغانستان تحت صلاحیت قضایی انحصاری دولت متبوع خود یعنی آمریکا باشند. آمریکا استدلال کرده است که افغانستان در خصوص سربازان آمریکایی به موجب قرارداد مذکور اختیاری نداشته است که بتواند با عضویت در دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی این اختیار را به آن دیوان واگذار نماید. از این‌رو ما با دو قرارداد متناقض مواجه هستیم که دولت افغانستان آنها را منعقد کرده است: یکی اساسنامه دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی و دیگری قرارداد منعقده با آمریکا. این مقاله چالش‌های پیش‌روی دیوان برای آغاز تحقیقات در مورد نیروهای آمریکایی در افغانستان و پاسخ به تعارضات موجود میان معاهداتی که افغانستان آنها را منعقد نموده است، بررسی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of Legitimacy of Starting International Criminal Court Investigation on the Actions of American Troops in Afghanistan

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Hesamoddin Lesani

Assistant Professor, International Law, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran

چکیده [English]

International Criminal Court (ICC) accepted the Prosecutor demand to start the investigation on the crimes by the American troops in Afghanistan, in March 5, 2020. But the challenge that ICC will be faced is that there is an Agreement (called SOFA) between United States and Afghanistan that if American troops commit a crime in Afghan territory, they will be under the exclusive jurisdiction of their own country namely USA. The United States has Argued that Afghanistan has no right about the American troops so they cannot hand over this right to ICC due to the membership in ICC. So we face with two contradict conventions that Afghanistan has signed: First the Statute of the ICC and second the agreement between Afghanistan and USA. The aim of this article is to study the challenges that ICC is faced to start the investigation on the American troops in Afghanistan and to answer the conflicts between the conventions signed by Afghanistan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Criminal Court
  • SOFA Agreement
  • Conventional Conflict
  • American Troops
براونلی، یان، اصول حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، ترجمه محمد حبیبی مجنده (قم: انتشارات دانشگاه مفید، 1396).
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