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Interim Measure and its enforcement in the European Court of Human Rights case-law

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Public International Law, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The European Court of Human Rights whose main mission is to consider individual and States petitions in case of the violation of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its additional protocols, based on the applicant’s request or at its own discretion, tries by indicating interim measures to prevent States actions that might inflict serious and irreparable damage to the applicants. This competence is not specifically enshrined in the Convention, however, it is recognized in article 39 of the rules of the Court. This article, by reviewing the Court’s case-law, investigates to what extent the Court invokes this jurisdiction and whether the interim measures entail enforcement mechanism. The findings of this article show that the Court is using interim measures in an exceptional manner to prevent the violation of articles 2 and 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, due to the fact that the enforcement of interim measures is not expressly recognized in the Convention or the rules of the Court, the court by its judgments and with referring to article 34 of the European Convention, endeavors to establish an effective enforcement.

Keywords

References
الف- فارسی
کتاب­ها
- زمانی، سید قاسم؛ ساعد وکیل، امیر؛ عسکری،پوریا، (1386)، نهادها و سازوکار­های منطقه­ای حمایت از حقوق بشر، چاپ اول، تهران: مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش­های حقوقی شهر دانش.
-        قاری سیدفاطمی، سیدمحمد، (1388)، حقوق بشر در جهان معاصر، دفتر دوم، چاپ دوم، تهران: مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های حقوقی شهر دانش.
 
مقاله­ها
-        باقری، سعید، (1391)، «استرداد مجرمان در رویه دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر و کمیته حقوق بشر سازمان ملل متحد»، مجله پژوهش­های حقوقی، نیمسال دوم، شماره 22.
-           شمس، عبداله، (1383)، «موارد صدور دستور موقت و عوامل موثر در تشخیص آن»، مجله تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 39.
-        سادات اخوی، سید علی؛ پارسانیا، نفیسه، (1392)، «قواعد تفسیر کنوانسیون اروپایی حقوق بشر در پرتو رویه قضایی دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر»، فصلنامه حقوقی بین­المللی، شماره 49.
-        سلیمان­زاده، احمد­رضا؛ کوشا، هستی، (1395)، «بررسی دستور موقت و ضمانت اجرای آن در دیوان بین­المللی دادگستری»، فصلنامه مطالعات بین­المللی، سال سیزدهم، شماره 1.
-           محبی، محسن؛ سماوی، اسماعیل، (1397)، «نقش رویه دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر در تفسیر پویای معاهدات حقوق بشری»، فصلنامه حقوقی بین­المللی، شماره 58.
 
ب- انگلیسی و فرانسه
Books
 - Sudre, Fréderic, (1998), L’interprétation de la convention européenne des droits de l’homme, 1ére édition, Paris, Bruylant.
 - Wachsmann, Patrick, (2008), Les Droits de l’Homme, 5éme édition, Paris, Dalloz.
 - Watthée, Sandrine, (2015), Les mesures provisoires devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, Edition Anthémis.
 
  Articles
-            Burgorgue- Larsen, Laurence, (2009), “Interim Measures in the European Convention System of Protection of Human Rights”, Inter-American and European Human Rights Journal, Vol. 2, No.1-2.
 -            Castellani- Dembele, Anne-Cecile, (2012), “Le caractère exécutoire des décisions du juge administratif face aux mesures provisoires indiquées par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme”, Revue Civitas Europa, No. 39.
 -            Collins, Lawrence, (1992), “Provisional and Protective Measures in International Litigation”, Recueil des cours de l’académie de droit international de la Haye, Vol. 234, No.3.
 -            Frumer, Philippe, (2005),  “Un arrêt définitif sur les mesures provisoires : La cour européenne des droits de l’homme persiste et signe ; commentaire de l’arrêt Mamatkulov et Askarov c. Turquie du 4 février 2005 “, Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme, No. 64.
 -            Harby, Catharin, (2010), “The Challening Nature of Interim measures before the European Court of Human Rights “, European Human Rights Law Review, No.1.
 -            Kirchner, Stefan, (2014-2015), “Interim Measures in Inter-State Proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights : Ukraine v. Russia”, University of Balitimore Journal of International Law, Vol.3, Issue No.1.
 -            “Les Mesures provisoires et traitement des affaires par priorité”, (2006), “Article 3 de la convention européenne des droits de l’homme”, Guide pratique juridique, Conseil de l’Europe, available at: www. omct. org/ files/ 2006/ 11/3633/handbook1_fr_03_Partie3.pdf, (Last Visited : 1st February 2019).
 -            “Rule 39 Toolkit on how to Request Interim Measures under the Rule 39 of the Rules of the European Court of Human Rights for Persons in Need of International Protection”, (2007), UNHCR, available at: www. refworld. org/ pdfid/4f8e8f982.pdf, (last visited: 1st February 2019). 
 -            Slunsy, Marcel, (1967), “Les mesures provisoires dans la jurisprudence de la cour de justice des communautés européennes”, Revue belge de droit international, No.1.
 -            Trinidade, Antonio, (2002), “Les mesures provisoires de protection dans la jurisprudence de la cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme “, available at : http:// www. corteidh. or.cr/ tablas/ r26311.pdf, (Last visited: 28th January 2019).
 
Cases
-Amrollahi v. Denmark, Application No. 56811/00, 11th October 2002.
 -Askarov & Mamatkulov v. Turkey, Applications No.46827/99 & No.46951, 4th February 2005.
 -Chahal v. United Kingdom, Application No. 22414/93, 15th November 1996.
 -Chamaiev and others v. Georgia and Russian Federation, Application No. 36378/02, 12th April 2005.
 -D. v. United Kingdom, Application No. 30240/96, 2nd May 1997.
 -F.G v. Sweden, Application No. 43611/11, 23rd March 2016.
 -Hossein Kheel v. Netherlands, No. 34583/08, 16th December 2008.
 - Ilascu and others V. Moldova and Russian Federation, Application No.48787/99, 8th July 2004.
 -Ismoilov v. Russian Federation, Application No. 33947/05, 26th November 2009.
 -Kondrulin v. Russian Federation, Application No. 12987/15, 4th October 2016.
 -Lebedev v. Russian Federation, Application No. 4493/04, 25 November 2004.
 -M.E v. Sweden, Application No. 71398/12, 8th April 2015.
 -N, v. United Kingdom, Application No. 26565/05, 27th May 2008.
 -N. v. Sweden, Application No. 23505/09, 20th October 2010.
 -Nivette v. France, Application No.44190/98, 3rd July 2001.
 -Omar Othman v. United Kingdom, Application No. 8139/09, 9th May 2012.
 -Paladi v.Moldova, Application No.39806/05, 10th March 2009.
 -Paposhvili v. Belgium, Application No. 41738/10, 13th December 2016.
 -Soering v. United Kingdom, Application No. 14038/88, 7th July 1989.
 -W.H. v. Sweden, Application No. 4934/10, 8th April 2015.
 -Y.P. & L.P v. France, Application No. 32476/06, 2nd September 2010.
Public Law Researsh
Volume 21, Issue 64
May 2020
Pages 61-85
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