Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D Student, International Law Group, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, International Law Group, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Over years simultaneously with the formation of the concept of government, the ideal of creating unity between governments and the formation of a single international community has always been discussed. Nowadays international unity as an expanding topic comes first in the international community. But along with the expansion of the process of international unity and consequently the relations between governments, international problems specially in international governance domains and management of the process of globalization started to increase as well. As a result, thinkers, by taking tradition-breaking measures, have put aside the governments as the main role players of the international community and government officials have replaced the independent presence of the governments with the formation of parallel networks in line with special topics related to themselves. In this survey, using historical, descriptive and analytical methods, at first, the aim of the article to examine the background of these networks which under the name of transnational networks try to emerge a more advanced general structure in the international community and in law in general was dealt with. Finally, the acceleration of solving international problems due to the existence of transnational networks was inferred.
Keywords
کتاب‌ها
- برژینسکی، زبیگنیو، انتخاب: رهبری جهانی یا سلطه بر جهان، ترجمه لطف الله میثمی (تهران: صمدیه، 1394).
- بیگ زاده، ابراهیم، حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی (تهران: مجتمع علمی و فرهنگی مجد، 1395).
- رابرتسون، رونالد، جهانیشدن، تئوریهای اجتماعی و فرهنگ جهانی، ترجمه کمال پولادی (تهران: نشرثالث، 1380).
- مولر، کلاوس، حاکمیت، دموکراسی و سیاست جهانی در دوران جهانیشدن، ترجمه لطفعلی سمینو (تهران: اختران، 1385).
مقاله‌ها
- حاجی‌زاده، محمود و سایرین، «جایگاه حاکمیت قانون در حقوق بین‌الملل»، فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق عمومی، شماره 54، (1395).
- رمضان‌زاده، عبدالله؛حیدرعلی مسعودی، «جستاری نظری پیرامون جهانی شدن و امپراطوری‌سازی و رابطه دو مفهوم»، مجله سیاست، شماره 10، ( 1388).
- ویرالی، میشل، «تفکری بر تئوری حقوق»، ترجمه ناصر صبح خیز، مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، شماره 3، (1364).
References
Books
- Chase, Abram, Antonia, The New Sovereignty Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements) London: Harvard University Press Cambridge, 1995).
- Crane, George, Amawi, Abla, The Theoretical Evolution of International Political Economy (England, Clarendon: Oxford University Press, 1997).
- Keohane, Robert, After Hegemony, Co-operation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984).
- Porter, Tony, Globalization and Finance (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004).
- Slaughter, Anne-Marie, A New World Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004).
- Suhr, Michael, The Future of International Relations Robert O. Keohane: A Contemporary Classic, Edited by Iver B. Neumann and Ole Wæver (London: University of Warwick,2005).
- Thurner, Paul, Urban Pappi, Franz, European Union Intergovernmental Conferences Domestic Preference Formation, Trans Governmental Networks and the Dynamics of Compromise, The Academic Association for Contemporary European Studies (London: Routledge, 2009).
Articles
- Bach, David, Newman, Abraham, “It's Time to Join: The Politics of Trans Governmental Network”, Toronto Meeting Paper Participation, Vol. 71, (2009).
- Buell, Raymond Leslie, “International Relations”, H. Holt and Company, Vol. 126, No. 3, (1925).
- Co Boulder, in Ole Holsti (ed.), “Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Changes in International Economic Regime, Change in the International System”, Westview Press, Vol. 44, No. 4, (1967–77).
- Costa, Pietro, Zolo, Danilo, “The Rule of Law, History, Theory and Criticism, Law and Philosophy Library”, Springer, Volume 80, (2007).
- Giandomenico, Majone, “The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe”, West European Politics, London School of Economics (LSE), (2011).
- Hass, Peter, “Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination”, MIT Press, Vol. 46, No. 1, Cambridge, (1992).
- Hayes-Renshaw, Fiona, and Wallace, Helen, “The Council of Ministers”, MacMillan Press, Basingstoke, Vol. 17, (1997), ).
- Jessup, Philip C., “Transnational Law”, Yale University Press, Essay in Transnational Economic law, No. 50, (1956).
- Kauffmann, Céline, et al, “International Regulatory Cooperation the Range of Possible Approaches”, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), (2015).
- Keohane, Robert O., Nye, Joseph S., “Trans Governmental Relations and International Organizations”, World Politics, Vol. 27, No. 1, (1974).
- Keohane, Robert, Krasner, Stephen, “The Demand for International Regimes”, in International Regimes: Cornell University Press, Vol. 26, No.1, (2006).
- Keohane, Robert, Nye, Joseph, “Power and Interdependence Revisited”, Longman Classics in Political Science: Pearson. Vol. 41, No. 4, (2011).
- Koh, Harold Hongju, “Transnational Legal Process”, Yale Law School, Faculty Scholarship Series, Vol. 1781, (2004).
- Mosler, Hermann, “The International Society as a Legal Community”, Recueil Des Cours, Vol. 140, (2013).
- OECD, “Joining Forces on Global Standards for Better Leves”, OECD Headquarters, Draft Agenda, (2016),
- Zaring, David, “International Law by other Means: The Twilight Existence of International Financial Regulatory Organizations”, TEX. International L.J., Vol. 33, (1998).
)