Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Associate Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In domestic legal systems, Joint and several liability provides the best assurance that the plaintiffs will be compensated for their loss. The rule means that when multiple defendants are found to have caused the same damage, each defendant can be obliged to pay up to the full amount of the loss suffered. It is common in international practice that several states or international organizations contribute together to the indivisible injury of a third party. Therefore, due to the fact that there are situations in which two or more international persons share responsibility for their contribution to an indivisible injury of third persons, is it possible to apply the principle of joint and several liability in the concept of domestic law regarding distribution of reparation in situations of share international responsibility? According to this study, based on the general principle of law as a source of international law in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and due to the relative lack of development of the rules of international responsibility in this field, comparison with domestic law is possible. Yet, the implementation of joint and several liability in the international law system will face the obstacle of the jurisdiction of international courts.

Keywords

الف- فارسی
کتاب‌ها
 -  زمانی، سید قاسم، حقوق سازمانهای بین‌المللی (تهران: موسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های حقوقی، 1392).
-  صفایی، سید حسین و حبیب الله رحیمی، مسئولیت مدنی (الزامات خارج از قرارداد) (تهران: انتشارات سمت، 1393).
-  کاتوزیان، ناصر، نظریه عمومی تعهدات (تهران: نشر دادگستر، 1379).
- کرافورد، جیمز، حقوق مسئولیت بین‌المللی (قواعد عمومی)، ترجمه علیرضا ابراهیم گل و دیگران (تهران: انتشارات سنگلج، 1395).
- مصطفوی، سید مصطفی و طیب افشارنیا، مسئولیت تضامنی (تعدد مسئولیت پرداخت یک دین) (تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق، 1389).
مقاله‌ها
- استومر، اندرو، «مسئولیت دولت‌های عضو در قبال اعمال سازمان‌های بین‌المللی: بازنگری ایرادات مصلحت‌اندیشانه»، ترجمه علی اصغر امیر، زمستان، ویژه‌نامه مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، (1389).
- حدادی، مهدی، «معاونت در ارتکاب فعل متخلفانه بین‌المللی دولت در طرح مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت 2001»، مطالعات حقوقی، زمستان دوره دهم، شماره چهارم، (1397).
- درویشی هویدا، یوسف، «مسئولیت تضامنی و امکان طرح دعوا علیه کلیه مسئولین بدون رعایت ترتیب خاص»، فصلنامه رای: مطالعات آرای قضایی، بهار، شماره 10، (1394).
- زمانیان، مسعود، «مسئولیت تضامنی مقایسه با سایر قوانین کشورهای مختلف»، قابل دسترس در https://www.bonyadvokala.com.
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- مبینی، احمدرضا، «مروری بر گزارش‌های 2019 و 2020 کمیسیون حقوق بین‌المللی در خصوص اصول کلی حقوق»، قابل دسترس در https://unstudies.ir.
 
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