Public Law Researsh

Plausibility of Claims in Provisional Measures Adopted by ICJ

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Alireza Ebrahimgol 1
Hasan Khosroshahi 2

1 Ph.D, International Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D, International Law, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjpl.2022.61654.2632
Abstract
 
The International Court of Justice is empowered, under Article 41 of its Statute, to order provisional or interim measures of protection to preserve the respective rights of the party-states pending final judgment on the merits.  Through interpreting Article 41, the Court has developed in its case-law certain requirements for granting requested interim measures. The plausibility of claims is the sixth requirement recently added to the said requirements. The present research assesses the role of plausibility requirement in preservation of international human rights in light of evolution of this requirement in the court’s case law as well as the existing legal doctrine. The study indicates that an inconsistent approach to satisfaction of the plausibility requirement and prejudgment of the substance of the case could harm the transparency and predictability of the procedure governing provisional measures, and undermine such measures as one of the most effective legal mechanisms in preventing the breach of international law.

Keywords

Provisional measures
plausibility of rights requirement
international court of justice
breach of international human rights and international humanitarian law
merits
Subjects
  • ابهری، حمید و رضا، زارعی، «ویژگی­ها و شرایط شکلی درخواست دستور موقت در آیین دادرسی مدنی ایران»، فصلنامه حقوق، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دوره 40، شماره 101، (1389).
  • داشاب، مهریار، «دستور موقت و ضمانت اجرای آن در رویه قضایی دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر»، پژوهش حقوق عمومی، سال بیست و یکم، شماره 64، (1398).
  • سلیمان­زاده، احمدرضا و کوشا، هستی، «بررسی دستور موقت و ضمانت اجرای آن در دیوان بین­الملل دادگستری»، فصلنامه مطالعات بین­المللی، دوره 13، شماره 1، (1395).
  • شمس، عبدالله، «موارد صدور دستور موقت و عوامل مؤثر در تشخیص آن»، مجله تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 39، (1383).
  • محبی، محسن و بذّار، وحید، «اقدامات تأمینی (دستور موقت) دیوان بین­المللی دادگستری: الزام یا توصیه؟ نگاهی دوباره رأی دیوان بین­المللی دادگستری در قضیه برادران لاگراند»، فصلنامه قضاوت، شماره 95، (1397).
  • میرعباسی، سید باقر و فامیل زوار جلالی، امیر، «صلاحیت دیوان بین­المللی در صدور قرار موقت با نگاه موردی بر قضیه اوکراین علیه فدراسیون روسیه سال 2017»، فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی، دوره 50، شماره 4، (1399).
  • وثوقی کردکندی، بهرام و میرزایی، زهرا، «واکاوی ابعاد حقوقی دستور موقت»، فصلنامه حقوق ملل، سال پنجم، شماره 18، (1394).

References

Books

  • Condé, Victor H., A Handbook of International Human Rights Terminology, Second Edition )Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2004).
  • Dumbauld, Edward, Interim Measures of Protection in International Controversies (Netherland: Martinus Nijhoff, 1932).
  • Cameron, Miles, Provisional Measures before International Courts and Tribunals (Cambridge, Cambrigdge University Press, 2017).
  • Klein, Natalie, “Provisional Measures and Provisional Arrangements”, in A. Oude Elferink, T. Henriksen, & S. Busch (Eds.), Maritime Boundary Delimitation: The Case Law: Is It Consistent and Predictable? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).
  • Rosenne Shabtai, Provisional Measures in International Law: The International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
  • Schabas, William A., The European Convention on Human Rights A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015).
  • Oellers-Frahm, Karin, “Article 41”, In Andreas Zimmermann, Karin Oellers-Frahm, Christian Tomuschat, and Christian J. Tams (eds.), The Statute of the International Court of Justice a Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
  • Thirlway, Hugh, the International Court of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).

Articles

  • Abhari, Hamid & Zareyi, Reza, “The Features and Conditions for Requesting of Temporary Order in The Civil Procedure of Iran”, Private Law Studies Quarterly, Volume 40, Issue 101, (2011). [In Persian]
  • Becker A, Michael, “The Plight of the Rohingya: Genocide Allegations and Provisional Measures in the Gambia v Myanmar at the International Court of Justice”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, (2020).
  • Cogan, Jacob Katz, “Current Developments, the 2011 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 106, No. 3, (2012).
  • Dashab, Mehryar, “Interim Measure and Its Enforcement in the European Court of Human Rights Case-law”, Public Law Research, 21, Issue. 64, (2020). [In Persian]
  • Keller, Helen & Marti, Cedric, “Interim Relief Compared: Use of Interim Measures by the UN Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights”, Heidelberg Journal of International Law [ZaöRV], 73, (2013).
  • Kolb, Robert, “Digging Deeper into the “Plausibility of Rights”-Criterion in the Provisional Measures Jurisprudence of the ICJ”, In the Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Brill- Nijhoff, 19, 3, (2020).
  • Lando, Massimo, “Plausibility in the Provisional Measures Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice”, Leiden Journal of International Law, Volume. 31, Issue. 3, (2018).
  • Miles, Cameron, “The Origins of the Law of Provisional Measures before International Courts and Tribunals”, Heidelberg Journal of International Law, (ZaöRV), 73, (2013).
  • Miles, Cameron, “Provisional Measures and the ‘New’ Plausibility in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice”, British Yearbook of International Law, bry011, (2018).
  • Miles, Cameron, “Plausibility and the ICJ: a response to Somos and Sparks”, Völkerrechtsblog, (2018), https:// voelkerrechtsblog. org/ de/ plausibility- and-the-icj/, last accessed on 2021.06.13.
  • Mirabasi, Seyed Bagher & Famil Zavvar Jalali, Amir, “The Jurisdiction of the ICJ on Indication of Provisional Measures: An Emphasis on Ukraine v. Russian Federation 2017”, Public Law Studies Quartely, 50, Issue 4, (2021). [In Persian]
  • Mohebbi, Mohsen & Bazzar, Vahid, “Provisional Measures (Interim Order) of the International Court of Justice: Binding or Recommendation? A new look at the International Court of Justice's Ruling on the Case of the LaGrand Brothers”, Judgment Journal, Volume. 18, Issue 95, (2018). [In Persian]
  • Sparks, Tom & Somos, Mark, “The Humanization of Provisional Measures?”, MPIL Research Paper Series, No. 20, (2019).
  • Shamss, Abdollah, “Requirements for Issuance of Interim Mesures [under Iranian Law]”, Legal Research Quartely, 7, Issue 39, (2004). [In Persian]
  • Soleymanzade, Ahmadreza & Koosha, Hast, “A Review on the Provisional Measures and Sanctions in the International Court of Justice”, International Studies Journal, Volume. 13, Issue 1, (2016). [In Persian]
  • Rüdiger Wolfrum, “Interim (Provisional) Measures of Protection”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Web Edition, (August 2006), https:// opil. ouplaw. com/ view/ 10.1093/ law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e32, last accessed on 2021.06.13.
  • Tanaka, Yoshifumi, “A New Phase of the Temple of Preah Vihear Dispute before the International Court of Justice: Reflections on the Indication of Provisional Measures of 18 July 2011”, Chinese Journal of International Law, No. 11, (2012).
  • Tanaka, Yoshifumi, “Unilateral Exploration and Exploitation of Natural Resources in Disputed Areas: A Note on the Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire order of 25 April 2015 before the Special Chamber of ITLOS”, Ocean Development & International Law, Volume. 46, (2015).
  • Tanaka, Yoshifumi, “The Impacts of the Tribunal’s Jurisprudence on the Development of International Law”, In: The Contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to the Rule of Law: 1996-2016, (Netherland: Brill /Nijhoff, 2018).
  • Vosoughi Korbekandi, Bahram & Mirzaei, Zahra, “A Legal Critique of Interim Measures”, Nation’s Law Journal, Volume 5, issue 18 (2015). [In Persian]

Cases

Other Research Materials

Center for Justice and International Law (CEJIL) and International Human Rights Law Clinic, Comparative Analysis of the Practice of Precautionary Measures among International Human Rights Bodies, December 2012. 

Public Law Researsh
Volume 24, Issue 76
Winter 2022
Pages 141-182

Home

Editorial Board

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us