Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
Successful performance for political systems depends to existence of an
efficient administration. In this regard, bureaucracy, from the late nineteenth
century until the 1980s was considered as the exclusive system for efficiency.
However, this system, especially in the welfare states period, following the
expansion of administrative apparatus of the governments, was seen as
inconsistent with the values of democracy by forming an independent authority
from society and democratic institutions. This fact has led to the theoretical and
practical efforts to reform and democratization of administration in the context
of the democratic systems. Therefore, various theories and methods have been
proposed for reforms; such as representative bureaucracy; political
appointments and the use of administrative procedures. In addition, methods
and techniques presented in the years after 1980 in the context of “new public
management" for efficiency and effectiveness and frugality; can be considered in
line with the reduction of bureaucratic authoritarianism. Methods that have
reduced the size of bureaucracy and have also facilitated the accountability
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