Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Abstract

The treaty as an International document has a close connection with the custom. Article 10 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court referred to the possibility of coexistence between the custom and treaty. This question arises that whether the International Criminal Court is obliged to follow the custom subsequent the statute? And can other courts and tribunals consider the custom subsequent the Statute of the Tribunal or are they subject to the Statute? In addition, the association of the Statute with the custom is important. Furthermore, the question of the executive scope of this Article; the existing and developing rules of international law; and the position of the principle of the legality of crimes and punishmemts, and its compulsory effect i.e. the non-retroactive principle will arise.
It is concluded in this paper that upon insertion of Article 10 into the Statute,a communication tactic between the rights contained in the Rome Statute and the rights outside of the Statute has been created in order to enhance the development of International Criminal Law and the subsequent custom.

Keywords

الف- فارسی
 کتاب­ها
- ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا، (1383)، حقوق بین‌الملل معاهدات، تهران: کتابخانه گنج دانش.
- فلسفی، هدایت الله، (1383)، حقوق بین‌الملل معاهدات، تهران: فرهنگ نشر نو.
- موسی‌زاده، رضا، (1377)، حقوق معاهدات بین‌المللی، تهران: نشر دادگستر.
 
 مقاله­ ها
- باربریس، ژولیو، (1372)، «تاملی بر عرف بین‌المللی، ترجمه اردشیر امیرارجمند»، مجله تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 13-14. 
- ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا، (1378)، «پیوندهای بنیادین عرف و معاهده در حقوق بین‌الملل»، پژوهش حقوق عمومی، شماره 1. 
- معظمی، شهلا، نمامیان، پیمان، (1394)، «نسل سوم محاکم کیفری بین‌المللی؛ دستاوردها، هنجارها و چالش‌ها»، پژوهش حقوق کیفری، سال سوم، شماره 11.
 

 پایان‌نامه

         - صابری انصاری، بهزاد، (1391)، تاثیر رویه بعدی بر تعهدات قراردادی دولت‌ها، پایان‌نامه دکتری دانشگاه تهران.

 

ب- انگلیسی

 Books

-          Schabas, William, A, (2007), An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

 

-          Schabas co, William, A, (2016), The International Criminal Court a Commentary on the Rome Statute, Second Edition, Oxford University Press.

 

-          Bennouna, Mohamed , (2002), The Statute's Rules on Crimes and Existing or Developing International Law,  Antonio Cassese,  Paola Gaeta, and Mr John R.W.D. Jones, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, A Commentary, Volume II,  Oxford University Press.

 

-          Cassese, Antonio, (2005), The Statute of the International Criminal Court: Some Preliminary Reflections, Cryer, Robert, Bekou, Olympia, The International Criminal Court, London, Ashgate Publishing Group.

 

-          Triffterer, Otto, (2008), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers' Notes, Article by Article, Secend Edition, Beck.

 

-          Scharf, Michael, (2008), The Theory and Practice of International Criminal Law: Essays in Honor of M. Cherif Bassiouni, Netherlands , Martinus Nighoff Publisher.

 
Articles

-           Cryer,  Robert, (2006), “Of Custom, Treaties, Scholars and the Gavel: The Influence of the International Criminal Tribunals on the ICRC Customary Law Study”, Oxford Journals Law, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Volume 11, Issue 2.

 

-         Sadat, Leila Nadya, (2000), “Custom, Codification and Some Thoughts about the Relationship between the Two: Article 10 of the ICC Statute”, DePaul Law Review, Volume, 49, Issue 4.

 

-          Sadat, Leila Nadya & S. Richard Carden, (2000), “The New International Criminal Court: An Uneasy Revolution”, Georgetown Law Journal, No. 381.

 

-         Arsanjani, Mahnoush H, (1999), “The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Cour”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 93, No. 1.

 

 Document

-          Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1987.
 

-          Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court, in Report of the International.

 

-          International Committee of the Red Cross Statement of 8 July 1998 Relating to the Bureau Discussion Paper in Document A/CONF.183/C.1/L.53,UN Doc. A/CONF.183/INF/10.
 
-          International Law Commission, Sixty-sixth Session Geneva, 5 May-6 June and 7 July-8 August 2014 Second report on Identification of Customary International Law by Michael Wood, Special Rapporteur.
 
-          International Law Commission, Sixty-seventh Session Geneva, 4 May-5 June and 6 July-7 August 2015 Third Report on Identification of Customary International Law by Michael Wood, Special Rapporteur.
 
-          International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, Entered into force July 18, 1976.
 
-          Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998.
 
-          Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (with annex), Concluded at Vienna on 23 May 1969.
 
Judgments
-          Judgment of 27 June 1986 - Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), p95.
 
-          Judgment of 24 May 1980 - United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran) p 44.  
 
-          Bashir (ICC-02/05-01/090, Decision on the Prosecution's Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, 4 March 2009.
 
-          Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium, Judgment, 14 February 2002.
 
-          CASE CONCERNING THE TEMPLE OF PREAH VIHEAR (CAMBODlA v. THAILAND) BRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS JUDGMENT OF 26 MAY 1661.
 

-          Prosecutor v. Anto Furundzija, Judgment, IT-95-17/1-T, ICTY, Ch. I. II. 10 December 1998.

 
Websites
-          MIikaela, Heikkila, Commentary Rome Statute: Part 2, Articles 5-10  Available at www. Case matrix network.org, 30 April 2015.