Public Law Researsh

Abstract Undoubtedly, one of the most ambiguous and controversial concepts in the international law documents is the debate on the vital national interest which is as old as the concept of nation-state itself and every country due to its own situations and conditions gives a specific interpretation of this concept. The concept of vital national interest, has created a juridical gap and as an essentially political concept has kept its place in juridical texts, which is considered as one of the main obstacles for developments and progresses of international law, because it has been used by states in many ways as a shield against legal standards, as well as as a tool to escape from legal obligations. Therefore, it lays some restrictions on the application of international law rules, yet it looms its acts and claims for regarding international law. International Jurisprudence expresses that, in the relationship between the vital national interests and international legal orders, it is the legal system which has the prior importance. owever, contrary to the government’s view, they allow restricted vital national interest and declare that national interest subordinates to International Law and it is not subject to the of each state. International Law has always tried to interpret thevital national interests in a way that results in the least loss to the universal International values.

Abstract The “Targeted Killing” can be seen in various formsover the course of past history. It plans to explain the concept of "Targeted Killing under international law" as follows:First, it provides a legal and desirable definition of the concept;Second, it examines various legal frameworks and models governing The Targeted Killing(The Model of domestic law;The Modelof human rights law; The Model ofJus Ad Bellum and The Model of Jus In Bellum);Third, it studies Targeted Killing under international humanitarian law and its rules and principles (The principles of separation, Proportionality, etc.) as a detailed and deep form;Finally the fourth, it provides the legitimacy of Targeted Killing and its conditions under current international law.

Abstract Non-delegation Doctrine is one of the traditional principles of constitutional law and more or less recognized by constitutions of another countries around the world. There is not any agreement between scholars concerning the basis of this doctrine; for some the doctrine is based on the principle of delegate poteatas non potest delegaie, for some others it is based on the principle of separation of powers and for the rest, it is the principle of representative democracy that constitutes the basis of the doctrine. Thus, many authors have mistaken about the basis of the doctrine and consequently failed to capture its true meaning. Guardian Council occasionally in her opinions about legislative bills has taken this approach and declared them as unconstitutional. Identifying the principle of supremacy of the constitution as the basis of the non-delegation doctrine will help us find out its true meaning: Parliament cannot delegate her law-making power to other branches or entities. Such a delegation will disturb the political structure established by the constitution and hence will devastate the principle of the supremacy of constitution.

Abstract In the geostationary, The use of orbit/spectrum resources through international telecommunication policies have always been challenging. Such challenges are in the result of some existing limitations in both the GSO capacity and its unique features in telecommunication fields. This article will clarify the privileges and deficiencies of the current and main regimes (i.e. A First come first served and A Priori planning) in frequency allocation in geostationary orbit, and discuss role of the developing countries to enact in the geostationary orbit.

Abstract Administrative Justice Court's third Act is finally getting ready for terminal ratification after almost one year period of time transmittal process between Parliament and Guardian Council. However The ratified deed that still is considered as the title of bill, has changed its nature from a typical procedure to a strict project including: structure, competence and procedure during parliament revise. Despite its minimum considerations in the case of reclamation two stage inquiry, administrative decentralization, innovating new methods in registration and notification, collecting of Acts and rules in an exclusive text and especially the golden Article in the case of court's control in recognitive jurisdiction of administrative jurisdictions, In 30th anniversary of founding Administrative Justice Court, it seems that it has not reached considerable results in recent three decades in the case of expanding Court's competence and inquiry.

Abstract One of the aspects of international law for peaceful settlement of legal disputes is the consent of parties to the jurisdiction of international court of justice (ICJ). In this regard, the way this consent will be presented, is not important. By taking into account of this rule and jurisprudence of ICJ and short comings of statute of the court, there must be some other jurisdictions which are beyond those ones anticipated in the statute of the international court of justice (ICJ). For these reasons,there is another kind of jurisdiction which is called "Forum Prorogatum",in rules of the court. According to this kind of jurisdiction, the respondent can informimpliedly or expressly the court about its consent.Even after,filing an application by defendant in the registry of the court. It can be done impliedly by taking an action or participation in hearing without any objections or explicitly by sending a letter in this regard to the court. This kind of jurisdiction at first applied by [PCIJ] in the case of Mavrommatis Palestine concessions (Greece/ United Kingdom) and gradually finds its place in jurisprudence of the court. In a way that nowadays becomes a usual way of filling an application in registry of the court for exercising its jurisdiction. we will consider the latest judgment of court in case concerning "Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal matters" (Djibouti /France) 4 June 2008 in this essay and discuss its challenges.

Abstract One of the aspects of international law for peaceful settlement of legal disputes is the consent of parties to the jurisdiction of international court of justice (ICJ). In this regard, the way this consent will be presented, is not important. By taking into account of this rule and jurisprudence of ICJ and short comings of statute of the court, there must be some other jurisdictions which are beyond those ones anticipated in the statute of the international court of justice (ICJ). For these reasons,there is another kind of jurisdiction which is called "Forum Prorogatum",in rules of the court. According to this kind of jurisdiction, the respondent can informimpliedly or expressly the court about its consent.Even after,filing an application by defendant in the registry of the court. It can be done impliedly by taking an action or participation in hearing without any objections or explicitly by sending a letter in this regard to the court. This kind of jurisdiction at first applied by [PCIJ] in the case of Mavrommatis Palestine concessions (Greece/ United Kingdom) and gradually finds its place in jurisprudence of the court. In a way that nowadays becomes a usual way of filling an application in registry of the court for exercising its jurisdiction. we will consider the latest judgment of court in case concerning "Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal matters" (Djibouti /France) 4 June 2008 in this essay and discuss its challenges.