نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

< p dir="RTL">وقایع و بلایای طبیعی و غیرطبیعی همواره حیات بشر را مورد تهدید قرار می­دهد، لذا مصون­سازی زندگی انسان در برابر آن­ها بسیار پراهمیت میباشد. کروناویروس (کووید 19) به عنوان یکی از مسری­ترین نوع بیماری­های همه­گیر، زندگی کل مردم دنیا را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و باعث آسیب به تمام ابعاد حیات بشر بویژه حقوق بنیادین شده است. یکی از مصادیق اساسی حق­های بشری، حق سلامت روان می­باشد که بیش از سایر موارد حقوق بشر آسیب­پذیر می­باشد. در دوران همه­گیری کووید 19 اکثر مردم، بحران روانی را تجربه می­نمایند اما گروه­های خاصی نظیر بیماران روانی، افراد تنها، کودکان، کارگران، سالمندان، پناهجویان، فقرا و کارکنان درمانی بیشتر از سایرین متاثر می­شوند. هدف اساسی پژوهش، تببین رابطه سلامت روان و حقوق بشر و تحلیل سازوکارهای ماده 12 میثاق بین­المللی حقوق اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی و نظریه عمومی شماره 14 کمیته میثاق در حمایت از حق سلامت روان در برابر کووید 19 با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد که ماده 12 میثاق و نظریه عمومی مذکو از ظرفیت­ها و سازوکارهای لازم برای حمایت و صیانت از حق سلامت روان و تجویز تعهدات و تکالیف دولت در ایفا و تضمین حق سلامت روان افراد آسیب­پذیر از کرونا برخوردار می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Protection of the Right to Mental health against Covid-19 in the light of Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

نویسنده [English]

  • hassan khosravi

assistant professor

چکیده [English]

< p >Natural and unnatural events and disasters always threaten human life, so the protection of human life against them is very important. As one of the most contagious diseases, Corona virus (Covid-19) has affected the lives of all people around the world and has damaged the fundamental rights of mental health, which is more vulnerable than other human rights cases. During the Covid-19 pandemic, most people experience a psychological crisis, but certain groups such as the mentally ill, single people, children, workers, the elderly, asylum seekers, the poor, and health workers are more affected than others. The main purpose of the research is to explain the relationship between mental health and human rights and to analyze the mechanisms of Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and General Comments 14 of the Committee in support of Mental Health against Covid-19 with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the research show that Article 12 of the Covenant and the General Comments mentioned have the necessary capacities to protect the right to mental health and prescribe the obligations of the state in fulfilling the right to mental health of vulnerable people.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Protection of the Right to Mental Health against Covid
  • 19 in the Light of Article 12 of the ICESCR
الف- فارسی
کتاب‌ها
- متیو.سی.آر کریون، چشم‌اندازی به توسعه میثاق بین­المللی حقوق اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، ترجمه محمد حبیبی­ مجنده (قم: دانشگاه مفید، 1387).
- گرینبرگ، جرالد.اس، کنترل فشار روانی، ترجمه محسن دهقانی و دیگران (تهران: رشد، 1387).
 
مقاله‌ها
- احمدعلی نوربالا، «سلامت روانی- اجتماعی و راهکارهای بهبود آن»، مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، دوره 17، شماره 2، (1390).
- حسین آل­کجباف، «مفهوم و جایگاه حق بر سلامت در اسناد بین­المللی حقوق بشر»، فصلنامه حقوق پزشکی، سال هفتم، شماره 24، (1392).
- شیما شهیاد و محمدتقی محمدی، «آثار روانشناختی گسترش بیماری کووید 19 بر وضیعت سلامت روان افراد جامعه: مطالعه مروری»، مجله طب نظامی، دوره 22، شماره 2، (1399).
 
ب- انگلیسی
Articels
- AGE Platform, “COVID-19 and Human Rights Concerns for Older Persons”, (2020), https:// www. age- platform.eu/sites/default/files/COVID-19_%26_human_rights_concerns_for_older_persons-April20.pdf.
 - American Psychological Association (APA), “Well-Being”, (2020), https://dictionary.apa.org/well-being.
 - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), “Monitoring the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, (2020), https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cescr/pages/cescrindex.aspx.
 - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), “Statement on the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights”, 6 April 2020, http://unsr.vtaulicorpuz. org/site/index.php/en/press-releases/320-cescr-covid19.
 - Donald Sean, “The Digital Response to the Outbreak of COVID-1”, (2020), https://www. cigionline.org/articles/digital-response-outbreak-covid-19.
 - Galderisi Silvana and Others, “Toward a New Definition of Mental Health”, World Psychiatry, Vol. 14, No. 2, (2015), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471980/.
 - Gowda Guru. S, “How Right is Right-Based Mental Health Law”, Indian Journal Psychiatry, 61(Suppl 4), (2019), https:// www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pmc/articles/PMC6482698.
 - International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), “Emergency Powers and the COVID-19, Pandemic: Protecting Democratic Guardrails”, (2020), https://www.ifes.org/news/emergency-powers-and-covid-19-pandemic-protecting-democratic-guardrails.
 - ITS Psychology Dictionary, “Mental Health”, (2020), https://www.itseducation.asia/psychology/m.htm.
 - Jonathan Campion, “The Right to Mental Health and Parity”, Indian Journal Psychiatry, Vol. 57, No. 2, 2015, http:// www. indianjpsychiatry. org/article.asp?issn=0019-5545;year=2015;volume=57 ;issue= 2; spage=117 ;epage=121;aulast=Bhugra.
 - Julius Ohrnberger, and Others, “The Relationship between Physical and Mental Health: A Mediation Analysis”, Social Science & Medicine, Volume 195, (2017), https:// www. sciencedirect. com/ science /article/ pii/ S0277953617306639.
 - Max Steuer, “Human Rights and Human Well-Being”, (2015), http://www.globalpolitics.cz/clanky/ human-rights-and-human-well-being-aroud-the-globe.
 - Mental Health America, “Mental Health Rights”, (2020), https://www.mhanational.org/issues/mental-health-rights.
 - Organization of American States (OAS), “Practical Guide to Inclusive Rights-focused Responses to COVID-19 in the Americas”, (2020), https://idpc.net/publications/2020/04/practical-guide-to-nclusive-rights-focused-responses-to-covid-19-in-the-america.
 - Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), “Protecting Mental Health during Epidemics”, (2005), https:// www. paho. org/ hq/ dmdocuments/ 2009/ Pandemia-Influenza-ENG-2.pdf.
 - Sebastian Porsdam Mann, and Others, “Human Rights-Based Approaches to Mental Health: A Review of Programs”, Health and Human Rights Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2016, https:// www. hhrjournal. org/ 2016/05/ human-rights-based-approaches-to-mental-health-a-review-of-programs.
 - Special Rapporteur, “Statement on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, (2020), https:// www. ohchr. org/ en/ issues/ health/ pages/ srrighthealth index.aspx.
 - Tim Fish Hodgson, “COVID-19 Symposium: COVID-19 Responses and State Obligations Concerning the Right to Health (Part 2)”, (2020), http://opiniojuris.org/2020/04/01/covid-19-symposium-covid-19-responses-and-state-obligations-concerning-the-right-to-health-part-2.
 - Tim Fish Hodgson, “COVID-19 Symposium: COVID-19 Responses and State Obligations Concerning the Right to Health (Part 1)”, 2020, http://opiniojuris.org/2020/04/01/covid-19-symposium-covid-19-responses-and-state-obligations-concerning-the-right-to-health-part-1.
    - UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UHCHR), Michelle Bachelet, “COVID-19 and Human Rights”, 23 March (2020), https:// www. ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/COVID19andHR.aspx.
 - Virginia A.Leary, “The Right to Health in International Human Rights Law”, 2014, https:// cdn1.sph. harvard. edu/ wp-content/ uploads/ sites/ 2469/ 2014/03/5-Leary.pdf.
 - World Health Organization (WHO), “Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report -121”, January (2020), https:// www. who. int/ docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf.
 - WHO, “Human Rights and Health”, 2017, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-health.
 - WHO, “Mental Health: Strengthening Our Response”, (2018), https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response.
 - WHO, “Promoting Mental Health”, (2004), https:// www. who. int/ mental_health/evidence/en/promoting_ mhh.pdf.
 - WHO, “Mental Health in Emergencies”, (2019), https:// www. who. int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ mental-health-in-emergencies.
 - WHO, “Mental Health”, (2020), https:// www. who. int/ mediacentre/ factsheet/fs220/en/.
 - WHO, “What is the WHO Definition of Health?”, (2020), https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/ frequently -asked-questions.
  - WHO, “Director-General''''s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19: We have therefore Made the Assessment that COVID-19 Can be Characterized as a Pandemic”, 11 March (2020), https:// www. who. int/ dg/ speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
 
Documents
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), “General Comment No. 14 (2000), The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health (article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights)”, E/C.12/2000/4, 11 August 2000, http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices /FilesHandler.ashx?enc.
 - China National Health Commission, “Report on Covid 19”, (2020), http://en.nhc.gov.cn.
 - WHO, “The Constitution of World Health Organization”, https:// www. who.int/governance/eb/who_ constitution _en.pdf.
 
- UN Treaty Database, “General Commons”, (2020), https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybod yexternal/TBSearch.aspx? Lang=en&TreatyID=9&DocTypeID=11.
 - UN General Assembly, “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)”, 13 December, (2006), https:// www. un. org/ disabilities/ documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf.