نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

توسعه پایدار اقیانوس­ها و ضابطه­مند نمودن دریاها با اعمال حاکمیت قانون بر آنها، یکی از پدیده­های نوین در عرصه حقوق بین­الملل دریاها به شمار می­رود. با تشدید چالش­ها و تهدیدات وارد بر محیط زیست دریایی و کاهش روزافزون منابع ژنتیکی در اثر گسترش فعالیت­های انسانی، نگرانی­های جامعه بین­المللی در خصوص وقوع بحران زیست­محیطی برای نسل­های آینده و تهدید مبانی انصاف بین­نسلی و میراث مشترک بشریت رو به فزونی نهاده است. از این­رو حفاظت و بهره­برداری پایدار از تنوع زیستی دریایی و منابع ژنتیکی در مناطق ورای صلاحیت ملی طی سال­های اخیر مرکز توجهات مجمع عمومی ملل متحد را به خود اختصاص داده و قرار است رژیم حقوقی حاکم بر تنوع زیستی با تدوین یک سند حقوقی الزام­آور در چارچوب کنوانسیون حقوق دریاها به اجماع کشورها ضابطه­مند گردد. پژوهش پیش­رو ضمن تشریح نظام حقوقی بین­المللی حاکم بر تنوع زیستی دریایی به بررسی آثار حقوقی و نتایج حاصل از اعمال دکترین میراث مشترک بشریت بر منابع ژنتیکی دریایی در مناطق ورای صلاحیت ملی دولت­ها می­پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conservation of Marine Biological Diversity and Genetic Resources in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction as Common Heritage of Mankind

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zakieh Taghizadeh 1
  • Mahdi Haddadi 2

1 Ph.D, International Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, International Law, Law Group, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran, College of Farabi, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Sustainable development of the oceans and regulating the seas by the application of the rule of law is considered as one of the most recent phenomena in the field of international law of the sea. Because of the exacerbated challenges and threats posed on the marine environment and the growing decline in genetic resources due to the expansion of human activities, the international community’s concerns about occurring environmental crises for future generations and the threat posed on the principles of intergenerational equity and the common heritage of mankind have been increasing. Therefore, the conservation and sustainable exploitation of marine biodiversity and genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction in recent years have attracted the attention of the UN General Assembly. Therefore, it seems necessary that the legal regime governing biodiversity to be set out by a legally binding instrument under the Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) through the consensus of all states. The following research, while outlining the international legal regime governing marine biodiversity, examines the legal effects and outputs arising out of the implementation of the doctrine of the common heritage of mankind on marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Marine Biodiversity and Genetic Resources
  • Sustainable Development
  • Inter-generational Equity
  • Common Heritage of Mankind
  • Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
-            یوشیفومی، تاناکا، حقوق بین­الملل دریاها، ترجمه آرمین طلعت (تهران: مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش­های حقوقی شهر دانش، 1395).
 
مقاله‌ها
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ب- انگلیسی
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