نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از ویژگی‌های بارز مخاصمات مسلحانه داخلی، تأسیس دادگاه توسط گروه‌های مسلح در این مخاصمات است. اگرچه کشورها تأسیس دادگاه را یک امر حاکمیتی می‌دانند که این امتیاز تنها به کشورها تعلق دارد؛ گروه‌های مسلح، تأسیس دادگاه را ابزاری برای حفظ نظم و قانون میان اعضای خود و همچنین ایجاد نظم و امنیت در منطقه تحت کنترل خود می‌دانند. جامعه بین‌المللی نیز تأسیس دادگاه توسط گروه‌های مسلح را جایگزینی برای عدالت اختصاری و همچنین مکانیسمی برای تضمین رعایت حقوق بشردوستانه در مخاصمات مسلحانه داخلی می‌داند. درحالی‌که به نظر می‌رسد حقوق بشردوستانه قابل ‌اجرا در مخاصمات مسلحانه داخلی به گروه‌های مسلح این مجوز را می‌دهد که اعضای خود و غیرنظامیان تحت کنترل خود را محاکمه کنند، با این‌ حال مبنای حقوقی تأسیس دادگاه توسط گروه‌های مسلح در مخاصمات مسلحانه مبهم است. صرف‌نظر از مبهم بودن مبنای حقوقی تأسیس دادگاه در مخاصمات مسلحانه داخلی توسط گروه‌های مسلح، انتقاد اصلی که به این دادگاه‌ها وارد می‌باشد این است که این دادگاه‌ها توانایی فراهم نمودن تضمینات دادرسی عادلانه را در محاکمات خود ندارند. در این مقاله ضمن بررسی مبنای حقوقی تأسیس دادگاه توسط گروه‌های مسلح و همچنین تضمینات دادرسی عادلانه قابل ‌اجرا در دادرسی این دادگاه‌ها، تنها رویه قضایی که در این خصوص وجود دارد، بررسی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Legality of Courts Established by Armed Groups in the Context of NIAC with an Emphasis on the Stockholm District Court Judgment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iman Montazeri 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Ramezani Ghavam Abadi 2

1 International Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Environmental Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid beheshty University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the significant features of NIAC (non-international armed conflict) is the establishment of a court by armed groups. Though states consider the establishment of a court as a sovereign privilege that belongs only to the states, armed groups consider the establishment of a court as a means to maintain the law and order among its members and to create order and security in the area under their control. International community considers the establishment of a court by armed groups as an alternative for summary execution. While it seems that humanitarian law that apply to internal conflict gives the permission to armed groups to prosecute its own members and civilians, the legal basis for the establishment of the courts by armed groups in these conflicts is ambiguous. Regardless of the vagueness of the legal basis for establishing a court by armed groups in armed conflicts, the main criticism brought to these courts is that these courts do not have the ability to provide fair trial guarantees in their trials. In this paper, we are examining the legal basis for the establishment of a court by armed groups, the fair trial guarantees  and the most recent judicial precedent in this regard.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Armed groups
  • Legal basis for the establishment of a court
  • Fair trial guarantees
  • Internal armed conflict
  • The Sakhanh Case
الف- فارسی
پایان‌نامه
-محمودی، سید هادی، منتظری قهجاورستانی، ایمان، تعهد شورشیان به حمایت از غیرنظامیان در مخاصمات مسلحانه غیر بین‌المللی، تهران، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، (1397).
 
ب- انگلیسی
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