نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران

چکیده

ملاحظات محیط­ زیستی همواره یکی از چالش ­های پیش­روی سرمایه­ گذاری خارجی بوده است. لزوم رعایت حداقل­ های زیست‌محیطی از آغاز تا پایان سرمایه ­گذاری، از دغدغه ­های فعالان حوزه حقوق محیط­ زیست نیز می­ باشد. در این میان دولت میزبان با تعهداتی بعضاً متعارض روبروست. تعهدات دوگانه دولت­ در برابر سرمایه­ گذار از یک طرف و عموم شهروندان از طرف دیگر، در موارد متعددی به بروز اختلافاتی منجر شده که ریشه در هنجارهای محیط­ زیستی دارد. پرسش اصلی این است که سازوکار داوری در مواجهه با این نوع اختلافات، چگونه می­ تواند فعالانه موضع ­گیری نمایند؟ هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی بازتاب تعارض­ ها در رویه داوری سرمایه ­گذاری و اهمیت و نقش داوری در بهبود وضعیت محیط­ زیستی است. نویسندگان این نوشتار بر این باورند که سیستم داوری، ابزارهایی در اختیار دارد که می ­تواند از آنها در جریان حل اختلاف برای ایجاد تعادل میان این تعهدات متعارض استفاده کند. برخی از این ابزارهای حقوقی مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم با معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری مرتبط است و دسته­ای دیگر فرامعاهده ­ای و ناشی از اصول، قواعد، عرف ­ها و رویه­ های بین­ المللی است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Capacity of the International Investment Arbitration Mechanism in Environmental Protection

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Habibi Majandeh 1
  • afife gholami 2

1 Assistant Professor, International Law, Mofid University, Qom, Iran

2 Ph.D Student, International Law, Mofid University, Qom, Iran

چکیده [English]

Environmental considerations have always been a challenge for foreign investment. The need to observe environmental minimums from the beginning to the end of the investment is also a concern of environmental law activists. In the meantime, the host state faces sometimes conflicting commitments. State dual obligations to foreign investors on the one hand, and the whole citizens on the other, has in many cases led to disputes, rooted in environmental norms. The main question is how the arbitration mechanism can take an active stand in the face of such disputes? The main purpose of this study is to examine the reflection of these conflicts in investment arbitration and the importance and role of arbitration in improving the environmental status. The authors of this paper believe that the arbitration system has tools that it can use in resolving disputes to balance these conflicting obligations. Some of these legal tools are directly or indirectly related to investment agreements, and others are beyond the treaty and based on international principles, rules, customs and practices.   

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Investment Disputes
  • Environmental Protection
  • Bilateral Treaties
  • International Arbitration
  • Legal Instruments
کتاب‌ها
-آقایی، بهمن، فرهنگ حقوقی بهمن (انگلیسی-فارسی) (تهران: کتابخانه گنج­ دانش، 1387).
- سوبدی، سوریا، حقوق بین­الملل سرمایه­گذاری، آشتی سیاست و اصول، محمد حبیبی مجنده (قم: دانشگاه مفید، 1398).
- هدایتی، وحید، تعامل داوری سرمایه­گذاری خارجی با حقوق عمومی (تهران: انتشارات خرسندی، 1395).
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- بهزادی پارسی، آرش و سیفی، سید جمال، «رابطه میان حقوق سرمایه­گذار خارجی و تعهدات بین­المللی حقوق بشر و محیط ­زیست»، مجله حقوقی بین­المللی، پاییز و زمستان، شماره 61، (1398).
- پورنوری، منصور و مخترع، آیدا، «دعاوی و تعارضات موجود بین تعهدات زیست­محیطی و تعهدات ناشی از حقوق بین­الملل سرمایه­گذاری و چگونگی حل­وفصل آن­ها»، فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی آزاد، پاییز، دوره 5، شماره 17، (1391).
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