نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش‌آموخته دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

طرح حق بر آب در داوری سرمایه‌گذاری یکی از مناقشه‌انگیزترین مباحث پیش روی دیوان‌های داوری در چند دهه اخیر بوده است. خصوصی‌سازی خدمات عمومی از جمله آب و فاضلاب و سپردن آنها به سرمایه‌گذاران خارجی موجب شده تا حق بر آب بعنوان یک منفعت عمومی و حیاتی بارها در داوری‌های سرمایه‌گذاری مطرح شود. با تفسیر مضیق محاکم از شروط صلاحیتی و قانون حاکم، این حق بنیادین بشری در برخی موارد نامربوط و نادیده تلقی شده و این امر به بحران مشروعیت در داوری سرمایه‌گذاری دامن زده است. این جستار می‌کوشد تا امکان حمایت بیشتر از حق بر آب را از طریق برقراری تعادل بین تعهدات بین‌المللی دولت‌ها در دو عرصه حقوق سرمایه‌گذاری و حقوق بشر نشان دهد و در پایان روش‌هایی را برای ادغام این دو از جمله تفسیر درست شروط صلاحیتی و قانون حاکم با تکیه بر اصول تفسیر معاهدات، تلفیق سیستمیک و گنجاندن بندهای جدید در موافقتنامه‌های سرمایه‌گذاری پیشنهاد کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Right to Water in Investment Treaty Arbitration and Its Impact on Jurisdiction and Applicable Law

نویسنده [English]

  • Farshad Geravand

Ph.D, International Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The right to water in investment arbitration has been one of the most contentious issues before investment arbitration tribunals in recent decades. The privatization of public services, including water and sanitation, and assigning them to foreign investors has caused the right to water as a vital benefit being repeatedly raised in investment arbitrations. However, due to tribunals’ narrow interpretation of jurisdiction and applicable law, this fundamental human right has been considered irrelevant and ignored, and this has fueled the legitimacy crises in investment arbitration. This research seeks to indicate the potentiality of more protection of the right to water through balancing the states international obligations in the two areas of investment law and human rights law. Proposed methods for integrating human rights with investment law include the correct interpretation of jurisdictional clauses and the applicable law based on the treaties interpretation principles, systematic integration and the inclusion of new clauses in investment agreements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Right to Water
  • International Investment Arbitration
  • Jurisdiction
  • Applicable Law
  • Systemic Integration
الف- فارسی
مقاله‌ها
- ضیایی، سیدیاسر، «جایگاه تعهدات زیست‌محیطی در حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری»،  فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق عمومی، سال پانزدهم، شماره 42، (1393).
- گراوند، فرشاد، «حق بر آب در پیکرۀ حقوق بین‌الملل و حمایت از آن در داوری سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی، فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی، دوره 50،  شماره 4 ، (1399).
 
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